NANOPARTICULAS MATÁLICAS QF-435-AULA-8

Apresentação em tema: "NANOPARTICULAS MATÁLICAS QF-435-AULA-8"— Transcrição da apresentação:

1 NANOPARTICULAS MATÁLICAS QF-435-AULA-8
Prof. Nelson Durán-IQ-UNICAMP

2 Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 5570 – 5579 Drechsler, Erdogan, and Rotello Elechiguerra et al. J. Nanobiotechnol. 396) 2005

3 METALLIC NANOPARTICLES
AS CARRIERS

4 METALLIC NANOPARTICLES AS CARRIERS
Lewin et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 18, 410 (2000) Gimenez et al. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 1, 1-7 (2005) HAuCl4 + NaHB4 Ho et al. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, Li et al. nnotechnology 2005, 16,

5 Alves et al. Patente Braz. PIBr 0502657-1 (2005).

6

7

8 Lewin et al. Nat Biotechnol. 18, 410 (2000)

9

10

11

12 Mixed Monolayer Protected Gold Clusters (MMPCs)

13

14 Exemplo: Np's de Au funcionalizadas com anti-câncer para Leucemia.
Preparação: Redução de Ácido tetracloroáurico(III) com Borohidreto de Sódio. Funcionalização após 30s da adição do agente redutor Podsiadlo et al. Langmuir. 24, 568, 2008 6-mercaptopurine

15 PRATA EM PRODUTOS

16 Pasta de Dente

17 Que fazem as nanopartículas? Escova de dentes

18 Purificador de Ar Refrigerador

19 Que fazem as nanopartículas? Sem comentários

20

21 MATERIAS PARA FERIMENTOS
Área superficial grande de partículas de prata tamanho nano melhora a efetividade antibacteriana -melhora os tempos de recuperação -mata bactéria mais rápido com nanoparticulas que outras formas de prata

22 Como preparar as nanopartícula? Nanopartículas de prata
Sal do metal + agente redutor E.C. Constable, Depart. Chemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland

23 Como preparar as nanopartícula? Nanopartículas de Au e Pd
Arredondadas, lisas de 18 nm de partículas de Au por redução de citrato Hexagonal de 30 nm de partículas de Pd preparada por redução de uma sal de Pd com baixa concentração de ácido ascórbico E.C. Constable, Depart. Chemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland

24 Como preparar as nanopartícula? Nanopartículas de metais
Conhecidas da antiguidade Ouro coloidal usada para vidros tingido com vermelho e púrpura dos tempos medievais até agora E.C. Constable, Depart. Chemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland

25 Sintese de nanoparticulas metalicas
85oC FeCl H2O + FeCl2 . 4H2O + NH4OH HAuCl4 + NaBH [Ag(NH3)2]+ Ac. ascorbico/1 h r.t

26 PREPARATION Chemical Synthesis of silver nanoparticles

27 Como preparar nanopartículas? Nanocubos de prata
E.C. Constable, Depart. Chemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland

28 Como preparar as nanopartícula? Nanopartículas de óxidos metálicos
E.C. Constable, Depart. Chemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland

29 Caracterização de nanopartículas de TiO2 por TEM
E.C. Constable, Depart. Chemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland

30 Como caracterizar as nanopartículas?

31 BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY
FUNGI

32 Ahmad et al. Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces 2003, 28,
BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY FUNGI Fusarium oxysporum Ahmad et al. Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces 2003, 28, Mukherjee et al. ChemBioChem. 2002, 3, Pune-India Aspergillus fumigatus Bhaisa and D´Souza, Colloids Surf. B. Bio- interfaces 2006, 47, Munbai-India

33 Chen et al. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2003, 37, 105-108 Beijing, China
BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY FUNGI Phoma sp Chen et al. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2003, 37, Beijing, China Phanerochaete chrysoporium Vigneshwaran et al. Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces, 2006, 53, 55-59 Munbai-India Aspergillus flavus Vigneshwaran et al. Mat. Lett. 2007, 61, Pleurotus sajor-caju Vigneshwaran et al. Indian Pat. Appl. 2007:709864

34 Durán et al. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2005. 3:8, 1-7. Campinas-SP-Brazil
BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY FUNGI Durán et al. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 2007, 3, Campinas, SP-Brazil Fusarium oxysporum Durán et al. J. Nanobiotechnol. :8, 1-7. Campinas-SP-Brazil

35 BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
BY BACTERIA AND YEAST

36 Shahverdi et al. Process Biochem. 2007, 42, 919-923 Teheran-Iran
BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY BACTERIA AND YEAST Yeast strain Kowshik et al. Nanotechnology 2003, 14, Berlin, Germany Aeromonas sp. Fu et al. Chin.J. Chem. Eng. 2006, 14, Xiamen, China Enterobacter clocae Shahverdi et al. Process Biochem. 2007, 42, Teheran-Iran

37 Bacterial Biosynthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Nanocrystals
Sweeney et al. Chem. Biol. 11, ()2004)

38 Cd S C Fe N P O

39 Sulfeto de Cadmio assistido por Lactobacillus sp.
Jha et al. NANO: Brief Reports and Reviews Vol. 2, No. 4 (2007) 239–242

40 Biogenic formation of photoactive arsenic-sulfide
nanotubes by Shewanella sp. strain HN-41. Lee et al., PNAS, 104, 20410–20415 (2007)

41

42

43 BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
BY PLANT EXTRACTS

44 Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) Shankar et al. Biotechnol Prog.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY PLANT EXTRACTS Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) Shankar et al. Biotechnol Prog. 2003, 19, Pune, India Neem leaf broth Shankar et al.J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2004, 275, Pune,India

45 BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY PLANT EXTRACTS
Cinnamomum camphora leaf Huang et al. Nanotechnology, 2007, 18, 1-11 Xiamen, China Alfalfa grass Gardea-Torresdey, Langmuir 2003, 19, Texas, USA/Mexico, Mexico Aloe vera plant extract Chandran et al., Biotechnol Prog. 2006, 22, Pune, India Emblica Officinalis Ankamwar et al., J. Nanosc. Nanotechnol. 5,

46 MECHANSTIC ASPECTS OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES

47 Naik et al. Nature Mater. 2002, 1, 169-172. Ohio, USA
MECHANSTIC ASPECTS OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES Naik et al. Nature Mater. 2002, 1, Ohio, USA The silver-binding peptides from Pseudomonas stutzeriAG259 cells were obtained by using a combinatorial approach to identify these peptides from a phage display library of random peptides. The interaction of peptide with the metal clusters provides a chemically reducing environment around the cluster, thereby allowing further accelerated reduction of silver ions at the interface between peptide and metal.

48 Si and Mandal, Chem Eur. J. 2007, 13, 3160-3168. Kolkata, India
MECHANSTIC ASPECTS OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES Si and Mandal, Chem Eur. J. 2007, 13, Kolkata, India Similar results with tryptophan and gold Selvakannan et al. J. Colloids Interf. Sci. 2004, 269, Bhattacharjee et al. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2005, 5,

49 Selvakannan et al. Langmuir, 2004, 20, 7825-7836. Pune, India
MECHANSTIC ASPECTS OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES Selvakannan et al. Langmuir, 2004, 20, Pune, India Specific for Au Stacik et al. J. Mater Chem. 2005, 15,

50 Durán et al. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2005. 3:8, 1-7. Campinas-SP-Brazil
MECHANSTIC ASPECTS OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES Fusarium oxysporum Durán et al. J. Nanobiotechnol :8, 1-7. Campinas-SP-Brazil Durán et al. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 2007, 3, Campinas, SP-Brazil Fusarium moniliforme was negative in quinone production

51 SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST PATHOGENS

52 SILVER NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIBIOTIC CARRIERS
P. Li, J. Li, C. Wu, Q. Wu,J. Li. Synergistic antibacterial effects of β-lactam antibiotic combined with silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 16, 1912–1917 (2005) Without any antibiotics 5 ug/mL of silver nanoparticles 150 ug/mL of amoxicillin 150 ug/mL of amoxicillin + 5 ug/mL of silver nanoparticles

53 SILVER NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIBIOTIC CARRIERS
E. coli 5 x 106 cfu bac., a) 5 ug mL-1 silver nanoparticles b) ug mL-1 antibiotic, c) ug mL-1 antibiotic + a), d) b) + 10 ug mL-1 silver nanoparticles

54 AMOXICILLIN MECHANISM
SILVER NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIBIOTIC CARRIERS AMOXICILLIN MECHANISM Li et al., Nanotechnology 16, 1912 (2005)

55 SILVER NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIBIOTIC CARRIERS
CLINDAMYCIN

56 Brocchi et al. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., submitted (2008)
SILVER NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIBIOTIC CARRIERS CLIN CLIN CLIN CLIN CLIN CLIN CLIN CLIN Chemical and fungal synthesis Brocchi et al. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., submitted (2008)

57 MINIMUM INHIBITION CONCENTRATION (MIC)
SILVER NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIBIOTIC CARRIERS MINIMUM INHIBITION CONCENTRATION (MIC) Durán et al., Crit. Rev. Microbiol. Submitted (2008)

58 VANCOMICINA EM NANOPARTICULAS PARA AUMENTAR
SUA ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA Gu et al. Nano Lett. 3, (2003)

59

60 SINTESE DE NANOPARTICULAS DE OURO COM
VANCOMICINA

61

62

63 AND NEGLECTED DISEASES
SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND NEGLECTED DISEASES

64 Cutaneous leishmaniasis
SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND NEGLECTED DISEASES Goal Cutaneous leishmaniasis

65 SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND NEGLECTED DISEASES
CLIN Clindamycin associated to silver nanoparticles could be effective in these neglected diseases

66 SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND ITS TOXICITY

67 Mitochondrial function through MTS
C18-4 spermatogonial stem cells Ag nanoparticles 15 nm Membrane leakage though lactate dihydrogenase ( LDH) Silver nanoparticles (15 nm) reduced mitochondrial function drastically and increased membrane leakage. Our data show that the C18-4 cells are more sensitive than the BRL 3A cells in that respect (Braydich-Stolle et al. ToxSci Advance Access published July 13, 2005).

68 Pal et al., 73, 712 (2007)

69 Pal et al., 73, 712 (2007)

70 SKIN PERMEATION IN VITRO
SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND NEGLECTED DISEASES SKIN PERMEATION IN VITRO 20-50 nm Human abdominal skin The nanoparticles did not reach the receptor compartment

71 ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND NEGLECTED DISEASES ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES Silver nanoparticles from Aspergillus niger Gade et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., submitted (2008) (Amravati-India/Campinas SP-Brazil)

72

73 PREPARATION Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles
Durán et al. 2005,2007,2008 Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles Fusarium oxysporum was grown by 7 days The biomass was filtrated and resuspended in sterile water The biomass was filtrated and AgNO3 (10 mM) was added in the fungal liquid Absorptions were measured in UV-Vis

74 Culturas de Fusarium spp Cultura em meio líquido (YM)
Durán et al. J. Nanobiotechnol. 3, 1-7 (2005). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Coleção de 20 linhagens de Fusarium Culturas de Fusarium spp MEV - nanopartículas Espectro UV-vis Cultura em meio líquido (YM) 0,017/10-3 M de AgNO3 72 Horas 12 Horas Biomassa em água destl. Solução coloidal de reação Caldo fungal

75 Nanopartículas de prata.
Para seleção da linhagem com melhor eficiência, levamos em consideração os dois métodos de biossíntese, tanto usando a biomassa quanto usando o líquido fungal A Métodos B Após ser separada a biomassa da água destilada. Este peso úmido foi adicionada em uma solução de 0,017/10-3 M de AgNO3 . No caldo, foram introduzindo,017/10-3 M de AgNO3 Nanopartículas de prata. Souza et al. 58º SBPC, Florianopolis (2006)

76 Utilizando as nanopartículas da melhor linhagem
Impregnação em tecido têxtil para atividade biocida Poliéster Algodão 100% Teste oligodinâmica Staphylococcus aureus Klebisiela pneumoniae Durán et al. Patente Braz. PIBr (2006)

77 PRÉ-ENSAIO E RECUPERAÇÃO DAS NANOPARTÍCULAS EM EFLUENTES
A água de lavagem do tecido têxtil impregnado com nanopartículas de prata, foi submetida ao tratamento C. violaceum. 100mL/60mL 100mL/100mL 100mL/20mL 48 Horas sob agitação Aeração (0,5 L/mim) Análise espectro UV-vis Ausência de ar Durán et al. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 3, (2007).

78 RESULTADOS Espectro UV-vis de linhagens de Fusarium produtoras de nanopartículas de prata. Souza et al. 58º SBPC, Florianopolis, S.C. (2006)

79 Silver nanoparticles Size: 1,6 nm (biosynthesis) Silver nanoparticles
(Chemical synthesis) Durán et al. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2005

80 a b Amostras centrifugadas
Impregnação das nanopartículas em a) algodão e b) polyester Amostras centrifugadas MEV do extrato líquido Espectro UV-VÍS

81 1) Algodão 100% e 2) polyester 100% 3) Cultura de Staphylococus aureus e 4) Teste com tecido algodão impregnado com nanopartículas de prata frente à cultura bacteriana e 5) teste do tecido polyester impregnado com nanopartículas de prata frente à cultura bacteriana 1 4 3 2 5

82 ATIVIDADE BIOCIDA DO TECIDO IMPREGNADO (ALGODÃO) COM NANOPARTÍCULAS DE PRATA frente a bactéria S. aureus

83 MICROSCOPIA ELETRÔNICA DE VARREDURA DO TRATAMENTO DE ALGODÃO COM NANOPARTICULAS DE PRATA
Tecido Controle (sem nanopartículas de prata) Tecido com nanopartículas de prata Durán et al. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 3, (2007).

84 ATIVIDADE BIOCIDA DO TECIDO IMPREGNADO (POLIÉSTER) COM NANOPARTÍCULAS DE PRATA frente a bactéria S. aureus M.O das amostras não impregnadas M.O do Poliéster impregnado com nps.

85 POSSÍVEL RECUPERAÇÃO Os tecidos impregnados com nanopartículas, após sucessivas lavagens, perdem gradativamente sua atividade biocida, uma vez que as nanopartículas são liberadas durante este processo. Para evitar o descarte de nanopartículas no ambiente, foram realizados ensaios com diferentes concentrações de inóculo da bactéria, Chromobacterium violaceum.

86 Espectros A e B, correspondentes às amostras controle (A, sem diluição e B, diluição de 10 vezes). (C, D e E submetidas à aeração). (F, G e H submetidas à ausência de ar) todas tratadas com Chromobacterium violaceum.

87 EDS: Espectro de nanopartículas de prata em bactéria Chromobacterium violaceum.

88 CONCLUSÃO Todas as 20 linhagens de Fusarium utilizadas neste trabalho apresentaram capacidade de produção de nanopartículas de prata, entretanto, foram as três mais eficientes separadas (dados apresentados no Relatório Parcial). Destas, foi selecionada a linhagem 07SD. Avaliaram-se dois métodos de biossíntese: um empregando diretamente a biomassa do fungo e outro apenas o líquido fungal. Este último mostrou melhores resultados. Logo, deu-se continuidade ao trabalho empregando este método. Os tecidos impregnados com as nanopartículas de prata apresentaram atividade biocida frente a Staphylococcus aureus e Klebsiella pneunomiae. A possibilidade de recuperação das nanopartículas de prata após lavagens sucessivas dos tecidos utilizando Chromobacterium violaceum foi comprovada, podendo ser empregada no reaproveitamento contínuo dessas nanopartículas (ainda em teste) Durán et al. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 3, (2007).

89 Jun Tian, Kenneth K. Y. Wong, Chi-Ming Ho, Chun-Nam Lok, Wing-Yiu Yu,] Chi-Ming Che, Jen-Fu Chiu, and Paul K. H. Tam. Topical delivery of silver nanoparticles promotes wound healing.ChemMedChem.(2007)2, Preparation of the dressings: Nanosilver-coated dressing: Initial experiments were carried out by using silver nanoparticle grafted dressing (silver content: 2.75 mgg1, Anson Nanotechnology Group Co., Ltd. Hong Kong). A piece of silver nanoparticle-coated dressing (4H3 cm2) weighed g. This corresponds to mg of silver nanoparticles on each piece. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that silver nanoparticles were spherical, with diameters of nm based on 750 particle measurements on five sites of interest. Subsequently experiments were performed with silver nanoparticles (1 mm) synthesized by borohydride reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of citrate as a stabilizing agent, as previously described.[45] Similar efficacy with silver nanoparticle dressing was confirmed (data not shown).

90 SSD NT ND Silver Nano Silver sulfadiazine E:epidermid
HF: hair follicles

91 CULTURA DE MICRORGANISMOS NO PANO DA FERIDA NOS DIAS 1, 3, 5, 7 E 10 NOS ANIMAIS TRATADOS COM ND (GRIS), SSD (BRANCO E NÃO TRATADO (GRIS ESCURO)

92 silver nanoparticles can modulate local and systemic inflammatory response following burn injury by cytokine modulation. TGF-beta IL-10 IL-6  ND ▄ No treatment ▲ SSD VGEF IFN-gama IL-6 aumenta inflamação TGF-beta auenta inflamação Il-10regula citokinas VGEF (vascular endotelial growth factor) promove cicatrização IFN-gama aumenta colageno

93 PATENTES EM COSMÉTICOS
Facial mask comprising a nanometer metal coating. Ko, Chuan Tao. (Taiwan). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2007), 5pp. CODEN: USXXCO US Silver-containing an antimicrobial body care product. Hanke, Bernhard. (Procter and Gamble Company, USA). PCT Int. Appl. (2000), pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO Antimicrobial gel formulation containing silver nanoparticles for treating female genital infections, its preparation method and uses. Chen, Hu. (Shenzhen Agt Pharm. Co., Ltd., Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2005), pp. CODEN: CNXXEV CN A Manufacture of cosmetics containing silver nanoparticles and Carbopol. Liu, Baning; Ma, Xiaoling; Liu, Xi. (Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2004), No pp. given. CODEN: CNXXEV CN A Formulation of UV absorbers by incorporation in solid lipid nanoparticles. Herzog, Bernd. (Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation, USA). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2003), pp. CODEN: USXXCO US A1 Pharmaceutical compositions for treating allergic dermatitis comprising nano-gold solution. Han, Sang Pil; Yoo, Eui Jae; Choi, Paeck Hi; Choi, Young Deuk. (Hanssem Health Co., Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2006), No pp. given. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR Hair preparations containing silver nanoparticle colloids for the treatment of bacteria-caused hair depilation. Han, Sang Pil; Yoo, Eui Jae; Choi, Paeck Hi; Choi, Young Deuk. (Hanssem Health Co., Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2006), No pp. given. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR Vaginal adhesive preparation containing silver nanoparticles and its preparation method. Gu, Maojian; Ren, Fuzheng; Liang, Wei; Jiang, Zongrun. (Shanghai Jnj Modern Pharmaceutical Technologies Inc., Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2006), pp. CODEN: CNXXEV CN Anti-microbial condom containing silver nanoparticles, capable of preventing various adult diseases and pregnancy. Yang, Won Dong. (S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2005), No pp. given. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR Antiaging cosmetics containing gold nanoparticles and silk fibroin for maintaining antioxidant activity. Hur, Won; Lim, Kun Bin; Ahn, Hyo Soon; Shin, Hwa Sook. (Fineco. Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2006), No pp. given. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR

94

95 SINTESE DE NANOPARTICULAS DE OURO ASSOCIADA A IgG
HAuCl4 + NaBH4 IgG de soro humano

96

97 BACTERIA

98

99 BACTERIA Imã SEPARAÇÃO ANALISE

100 MLDI Analysis: (H. Steen and M. Mann
MLDI Analysis: (H. Steen and M. Mann. “The abc’s (and xyz’s) of peptide sequencing”. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5, (2003)).

101 Staphylococcus saprophyticus were collected from patients at the Hospital, Streptococcus pyogenes JRS 75 and JRS 4 were from collections S. pyogenes JRS 75 was obtained by mutating M protein from the strain of S. pyogenes JRS 4.29 The lowest cell concentration that was detected for both Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus aureus in aqueous sample solutions (0.5 mL) was 3 x 10(5) cfu/mL, while the detectable cell concentration for S. saprophyticus in a urine sample was 3 x 10(7) cfu/mL

102 Absorption and desorption of chemotherapeutic drugs
from a magnectically targeted carrier (MTC). Rudger et al. J. Control. Releae 74, (2001).

103 Doxorubicin follows the Langmuir theory for milling, particles are resuspended and dispersed, adsorption to MTCs. The Langmuir theory holds that the solute adsorbs to sites on the carbon surface in a discrete one to one correspondence. ACTIVATED CARBON MAGNETICALLY TARGETED CARRIER (MTC)

104 ALVOS NAO ESPECIFICOS Rudger et al. J. Control. Releae 74, (2001)

105 Treatment of a hepatocellular carcinoma by
MTCs in clinical human trials As shown in the left panel following the treatment of a HCC tumor with MCT-DOX the hepatic arteries Remain patent, demonstrating particles toletaribility as evidenced by the lack of trombosis and/or embolization of the arteries. Localization and retention of the particles in the target tumor are showed in the the righ papel by magnetic resonant imagins (MIR) (the particles were in the local after 28 days)

106 PATENTES EM COSMÉTICOS
Facial mask comprising a nanometer metal coating. Ko, Chuan Tao. (Taiwan). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2007), 5pp. CODEN: USXXCO US Silver-containing an antimicrobial body care product. Hanke, Bernhard. (Procter and Gamble Company, USA). PCT Int. Appl. (2000), pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO Antimicrobial gel formulation containing silver nanoparticles for treating female genital infections, its preparation method and uses. Chen, Hu. (Shenzhen Agt Pharm. Co., Ltd., Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2005), pp. CODEN: CNXXEV CN A Manufacture of cosmetics containing silver nanoparticles and Carbopol. Liu, Baning; Ma, Xiaoling; Liu, Xi. (Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2004), No pp. given. CODEN: CNXXEV CN A Formulation of UV absorbers by incorporation in solid lipid nanoparticles. Herzog, Bernd. (Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation, USA). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2003), pp. CODEN: USXXCO US A1 Pharmaceutical compositions for treating allergic dermatitis comprising nano-gold solution. Han, Sang Pil; Yoo, Eui Jae; Choi, Paeck Hi; Choi, Young Deuk. (Hanssem Health Co., Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2006), No pp. given. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR Hair preparations containing silver nanoparticle colloids for the treatment of bacteria-caused hair depilation. Han, Sang Pil; Yoo, Eui Jae; Choi, Paeck Hi; Choi, Young Deuk. (Hanssem Health Co., Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2006), No pp. given. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR Vaginal adhesive preparation containing silver nanoparticles and its preparation method. Gu, Maojian; Ren, Fuzheng; Liang, Wei; Jiang, Zongrun. (Shanghai Jnj Modern Pharmaceutical Technologies Inc., Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2006), pp. CODEN: CNXXEV CN Anti-microbial condom containing silver nanoparticles, capable of preventing various adult diseases and pregnancy. Yang, Won Dong. (S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2005), No pp. given. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR Antiaging cosmetics containing gold nanoparticles and silk fibroin for maintaining antioxidant activity. Hur, Won; Lim, Kun Bin; Ahn, Hyo Soon; Shin, Hwa Sook. (Fineco. Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2006), No pp. given. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR

107 AGRADECIMENTOS REDE NANOTUB0S DE CARBONO CNPq/MCT CNPq/MCT