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Andrew Diniz da Costa andrew@les.inf.puc-rio.br Trabalhos de Pesquisa Andrew Diniz da Costa andrew@les.inf.puc-rio.br.

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Apresentação em tema: "Andrew Diniz da Costa andrew@les.inf.puc-rio.br Trabalhos de Pesquisa Andrew Diniz da Costa andrew@les.inf.puc-rio.br."— Transcrição da apresentação:

1 Andrew Diniz da Costa andrew@les.inf.puc-rio.br
Trabalhos de Pesquisa Andrew Diniz da Costa

2 Trabalho Realizados 2004 2006 2008 2009 Framework ASF © LES/PUC-Rio

3 Agent Society Framework

4 Introdução MAS-ML Framework para aplicar conceitos presentes na linguagem de modelagem Ex: Papel, organização, ambiente ativo, etc. Agent Society Framework – ASF Criado no LES. Framework orientado a objetos para implementar sociedades de agentes. Conceitos: agente, Papel, objetivo, organização, ambiente, etc. © LES/PUC-Rio

5 Introdução Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents - FIPA
Organização dedicada a desenvolver especificações na área de SMA. FIPA compliant Comunicação de agentes (ACL) Gerenciamento de agentes Transporte de mensagens (MTS) Jade, Jadex, etc. © LES/PUC-Rio

6 Contribuições ao ASF Tornar o framework FIPA compliant
Serviço de transporte de mensagens 1 mensagem para 1..N receptores Mensagens no formato ACL (Agent Communication Language) Criação do supervisor AMS Criação Alteração Exclusão Buscas Criação de uma série de classes e interfaces Descrições de entidades Interfaces definido os estados de ciclos de vida © LES/PUC-Rio

7 Contribuições ao ASF Distribuição de agentes
Agentes na mesma ou em máquinas diferentes podem interagir. Uma mensagem pode ser entregue para receptores localizados em diferentes máquinas. Comunicação por socket. Possibilidade de criar outras formas de comunicação (hotspots). © LES/PUC-Rio

8 Contribuições ao ASF Melhorias gerais Novo conceito de ambiente ativo;
Entidades melhor representadas (ex: agente, organização, etc.). Novos atributos e funcionalidades; Documentação completa do framework e de instâncias que servem como exemplo. Site do ASF ( Agentes Organizações Papéis Ambiente © LES/PUC-Rio

9 Diagrama de Classe © LES/PUC-Rio

10 Comparações com frameworks SMA
Comparações com três frameworks: Jade, Jadex e Jack. Diferencial do ASF Melhor representação do conceito sociedade de agente. Maior liberdade da instância em relação à restrições do framework (Ex: política de seleção de planos). FIPA compliant. As instâncias utilizam o framework sem restrições de orientação objeto (desenvolvimento em Java). © LES/PUC-Rio

11 Uso do ASF Alunos de mestrado e doutorado
SILVA, V. T. ; DURAN, Feranda ; GUEDES, José ; LUCENA, Carlos José Pereira de . Governing Multi-Agent Systems. Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society, v. 2 (13), p , 2007. © LES/PUC-Rio

12 Trabalho Realizados 2004 2006 2008 2009 ART-Testbed MASSES
© LES/PUC-Rio

13 Agent Reputation Trust (ART) Testbed (The finalist ZeCariocaLes)

14 Motivation The reputation concept is a complex information.
Someone is honest or liar. The information supplied by someone is good or bad. How can the reputation help us? What are the ways? Use ideas of a framework created by old students of master, José Guedes e Fernanda Duran. Participate of some competition. © LES/PUC-Rio

15 Competition Agent Reputation Trust (ART) Testbed
Competition with agents AAMAS Conference Domain: appraisals for paintings Clients request appraisals for paintings from different eras © LES/PUC-Rio

16 Competition ZeCariocaLes era1 era2 era9 ... era10 1,0 0,1 0,5 0,7
1, , , ,7 painting era 1 * Agent 1 era1 era2 era9 ... era10 Agent 2 © LES/PUC-Rio

17 Competition It is necessary to complete the knowledge of each agent
So, transactions with other agents should be executed. There are two types of transaction: Opinion Reputation © LES/PUC-Rio

18 Transactions between agents
© LES/PUC-Rio

19 Game Each game has a lot of sessions. There isn’t a fix number.
When a session finishes: The true value of the paintings is disclosed. It is verified what agent got the best appraisals. In the current session each agent has the following information of the previous session: The true value of the paintings The value of each opinion supplied by other agents ... The winner is the agent that has more money in the end of the game (the best financial administrator) © LES/PUC-Rio

20 Lasts tests before the competition
© LES/PUC-Rio

21 Lasts tests before the competition
© LES/PUC-Rio

22 Competition 17 agents (1 didn’t execute) of 13 different institutions
Two phases Preliminary Final Preliminary phase (May 10-11) 8 agents of the different institutions 15 agents offered by competition (5 “bad”, 5 “neutral”, 5 “bad” dummies ) 100 rounds Final phase (May 16-17) 5 best agents of the preliminary phase 200 rounds © LES/PUC-Rio

23 Preliminary Phase © LES/PUC-Rio

24 1) Electronics & Computer Science, University of Southampton
Final Phase 1) Electronics & Computer Science, University of Southampton 2) Department of Math & Computer Science, The University of Tulsa 3) Department of Computer Engineering, Bogazici University 4) Agents Research Lab, University of Girona 5) Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro © LES/PUC-Rio

25 Trabalho Realizados 2004 2006 2008 2009 ART-Testbed MASSES
© LES/PUC-Rio

26 Multi-Agent System for Stock Exchange Simulation

27 MASSES Domínio mais real para aplicar agentes de software
Domínio de bolsa de valores Agentes são investidores da bolsa Cada dia é uma rodada do jogo. © LES/PUC-Rio

28 Idéia Geral © LES/PUC-Rio

29 Site do MASSES © LES/PUC-Rio

30 Trabalho Realizados 2004 2006 2008 2009 DRP-MAS © LES/PUC-Rio

31 A Hybrid Diagnostic-Recommendation Approach for Multi-Agent Systems

32 Motivation Governance Framework
Multi-agent systems are societies with autonomous and heterogeneous agents, which can work together to achieve similar or different goals. The reason for some agent not to achieve some goal. Buyer desires to buy some product from some seller. If the goal was not achieved then which was the reason? What to do? © LES/PUC-Rio

33 Motivation Reputation concept related with diagnoses and recommendation Ubiquitous Computing Systems provide several situations that need of diagnoses and recommendations © LES/PUC-Rio

34 Difficulties of Diagnosing and Providing Alternative Executions
We analyzed a set of points that deserved our attention during the creation of the new module Deciding how to analyze the execution of the agents Selecting data for diagnosing Determining strategies for diagnoses Determining trustworthy agents Determining strategies for recommendations Representing profiles of agents Different devices (cell phones, laptops, PDA) Limitations of hardware Types of connection Speed of connection (56Kbps, 512Kbps, etc), IP. © LES/PUC-Rio © LES/PUC-Rio

35 <<create>>
General Idea (2) <<create>> (3) Send the Recommendation name Requester name Send the (4) Mediator Agent Diagnostic Agent (1) Request name of the Diagnosis Agent (5) Provide name of the Diagnosis Agent Requester Agent Recommendation Agent © LES/PUC-Rio

36 Request advices / Supply information, such as, quality of service
General Idea Request advices / Supply information, such as, quality of service (1) Diagnostic Agent (2) Provide diagnosis result (3) Provide advices Recommendation Agent Requester Agent Plan data base © LES/PUC-Rio

37 General Idea Tipo de Diagnóstico 1 Tipo de Diagnóstico 2
<<criar>> Requisita Agente Diagnóstico A Tipo de Diagnóstico 2 Provê Solicitador A Mediador A <<criar>> <<criar>> Agente Diagnóstico B Requisita Tipo de Recomendação Provê <<criar>> Solicitador B Mediador B Agente Recomendação B Agente Recomendação A © LES/PUC-Rio

38 Artificial Intelligence
Architecture DRP-MAS Mediation Recommendation Artificial Intelligence Toolset Diagnosis Reputation Application © LES/PUC-Rio

39 DRP-MAS (Artificial Intelligence Toolset)
AI DRPMAS Forward Chaining Inference Diagnoses Backward Chaining Fuzzy Logic API Bigus* *Bigus, J., Bigus, J., Constructing Intelligent Agents Using Java, 2nd edition. © LES/PUC-Rio

40 Performing Diagnosis I/IV
Goal: to perform diagnosis Such analyses are performed based on a set of information provided by the Requester agent (application agent) Information that can be provided: Goal The goal that was not achieved Plan executed The plan executed by the agent Resources: it may be the case that the resource could not be found, could not used, the amount was not sufficient, … Profile The agent’s profile © LES/PUC-Rio

41 Performing Diagnosis II/IV
Information that can be provided: Quality of service A degree used to qualify the execution of the plan Partners The agents with whom the agent has interacted Services requested Services used by the agents Belief Base Base of Knowledge Devices Devices used by the customers. Connection Type of connection used. © LES/PUC-Rio

42 Performing Diagnosis III/IV
The strategy used to make the diagnoses is a hot-spot (flexible point) However, the framework provides a set of APIs* to help on the diagnosis: backward chaining, forward chaining and reasoning with fuzzy logic The framework provide a default strategy that: Compares the amount of resource used and the desired one Analyzes the quality of the execution *Joseph P. Bigus, Jennifer Bigus; Constructing Intelligent Agents Using Java, second edition. © LES/PUC-Rio

43 Performing Diagnosis IV/IV
The diagnosis that the default strategy can provide are: The wrong amount of resources was used Several problems happened at the same time It was not possible to identify the problem © LES/PUC-Rio

44 Providing Recommendations
The Recommendation agent incorporates the process of advising alternative ways to achieve some goal. It is composed of three steps: (i) to select plans, (ii) to verify the plans need for agents to request information, (iii) to choose good agents Selecting Plan Verifying Selected Plans Choosing agents © LES/PUC-Rio

45 Scenarios used Translation Music Market Place Portuguese to English
Buy cd from the name of some music. Customer Provider Service Customer © LES/PUC-Rio

46 Conclusion Two versions of the DRP-MAS Possible Future Works
ASF + Report Framework Jadex + Report Framework and Fire model Possible Future Works Extend the DRP-MAS Extend the information set Define new strategies of diagnosis and recommendation Ubiquitous Computing Learning in agents Complex scenarios Etc. © LES/PUC-Rio

47 Trabalho Realizados 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 JADE+BDI JAAF+T
© LES/PUC-Rio

48 Aplicabilidade do Modelo Belief-Desire-Intention no Java Agent DEveloper Framework

49 Motivação Framework JADE não aplica o conceito BDI.
JADEX não é uma extensão do JADE. JADEX e JADE são frameworks totalmente diferentes. Agentes JADEX e agentes JADE podem se comunicar a partir de um middleware. © LES/PUC-Rio

50 Contribuições Permitir que se use agentes baseados ou não no modelo BDI. Além de poderem trabalhar em conjunto. Representar normas definam quais comportamentos são permitidos e proibidos de serem executados pelos agentes e organizações Representar organizações responsáveis por fornecer normas que deverão ser seguidas por agentes de software. Permitir definir diferentes políticas de seleção de comportamentos e objetivos para cada agente e organização. Manter o framework JADE sendo FIPA-Compliant. © LES/PUC-Rio

51 Diagrama de Classes © LES/PUC-Rio

52 Diagrama de Classes (hot-frozen spots)
© LES/PUC-Rio

53 Comparações Comparação com Jadex, Jack, Jason, ASF.
Principais vantagens do JADE+BDI FIPA compliant Representa BDI Aplica mobilidade de agentes Vantagens de outros frameworks Oferece suporte para organizações e agentes usando o modelo Moise+ Trabalha com AgentSpeak e Java © LES/PUC-Rio

54 Considerações Finais Estudo de caso Virtual Market Place.
JADE+BDI ainda não foi utilizado por outros alunos. Trabalhos Futuros: Melhorar a representação de organizações e normas. Aplicar o conceito de papel. Disponibilizar framework para uso Escrever artigo sobre extensão realizada. © LES/PUC-Rio

55 Trabalho Realizados 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 JADE+BDI JAAF+T
© LES/PUC-Rio

56 JAAF+T: A Framework to Implement Self-Adaptive Agents that Apply Self-Test

57 Motivation Self-adaptive systems become one of the main focal points of software engineers. Several approaches describing how systems can perform self-adaptation have been investigated. It is necessary to test the adapted behavior by investigating its compliance with the new environment requirements at runtime. © LES/PUC-Rio

58 Motivation The main problems of the approaches that test the adapted behavior at runtime are the following: it is not possible to define different input data to be used and output assertions to be checked by the tests be useful when analyzing the results of the performed tests, different log formats cannot be defined the self-test activity that such approaches use is specifically defined to a given self-adaptation process. © LES/PUC-Rio

59 Goal The goal of the presentation is to present an extension of the Java self-Adaptive Agent Framework (JAAF)to apply the self-test. We proposed a new control-loop A new activity of test is provided © LES/PUC-Rio

60 New Control Loop with Test Activity
Self-adaptation Layer Test Decision Analyze Effector Collect Application Application Layer © LES/PUC-Rio

61 Classes related with Decision Activity
Test Activity Classes related with Decision Activity Class related with Analyze Activity Class related with Effector Activity Classes related with Collect activity © LES/PUC-Rio

62 Test Activity The test activity is composed of four steps
In this step the application designer should relate the actions of the agent to the test cases used to test such actions. In order to define the possible test cases that will be executed, the Test Definition Language (TDL) was created. © LES/PUC-Rio

63 Test Activity The next step defines the data to be used as input data and output assertions while testing the actions. In order to make the definition of such data possible, the Quality Definition Language (QDL) was defined. © LES/PUC-Rio

64 Test Activity After relating the test cases and the actions, and also defining the related data, the tests can be executed when requested by the decision activity. Therefore, the third step of the test activity executes the test per se. Different types of test can be executed, such as, unit test, functional test, performance test, etc. Nowadays, the framework already provides two types of executions: using JUnit and DBUnit API for unit tests In the sequence, it is time to generate the output logs with the resThese logs will be used by the decision activity in order to decide whether to execute the action or choose another one. ults of the executed test. © LES/PUC-Rio

65 Test Activity In order to use the test activity in another control loops, it is only necessary to: Define the input and output assertions at design time by using QDL Define at design time the types of logs that can be used to format the feedback provided by the test activity by using TDL Inform at design time the test cases that will be used to test actions by providing a TDL file Implement an activity able to analyze at runtime the logs provided by the test activity. The framework provides as default the Decision class that can be straightforwardly used by the application instance of the framework. Call the test activity by providing the action that will be tested. © LES/PUC-Rio

66 Case Study: Creation of Susceptibility Maps
© LES/PUC-Rio

67 Final Considerations Continue studying and proposing approaches that applying self-test concept. Writing paper about JAAF-ST Self-adaptation + services + self-test © LES/PUC-Rio

68 Referências COSTA, Andrew Diniz da ; SILVA, Viviane Torres da ; LUCENA, Carlos J P . Computing Reputation in the Art Context: Agent Design to Handle Negotiation Challenges. In: Workshop Trust in Agent Societies, in the Seventh International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2008), 2009, Estoril. Proceedigs of the Seventh International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2008), 2009. COSTA, Andrew Diniz da ; LUCENA, Carlos J P ; SILVA, Viviane Torres da ; AZEVEDO, S. C. ; AZEVEDO, F. . Art Competition: Agent Designs to Handle Negotiation Challenges. In: Falcone, R.; Barber, S.K.; Sabater-Mir, J.; Singh, M.P. (Org.). (Org.). Trust in Agent Society 2008 post-proceedings). Berlim: Springer-Verlag, 2008, v. 5396, p S. NETO, B. F. ; COSTA, Andrew Diniz da ; NETTO, M. T. A. ; SILVA, Viviane Torres da ; LUCENA, Carlos J P . A Framework to Implement Self-Adaptive Agents. In: International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 2009, Boston. Proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (SEKE 09), 2009. © LES/PUC-Rio

69 Referências S. NETO, B. F. ; COSTA, Andrew Diniz da ; SILVA, Viviane Torres da ; LUCENA, Carlos J P . JAAF-S: A Framework to Implement Autonomic Agents Able to Deal with Web Services. In: The 4th International Conference on Software and Data Technologies (ICSOFT 2009), 2009, Sofia. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Software and Data Technologies (ICSOFT 2009), 2009. COSTA, Andrew Diniz da ; SILVA, Viviane Torres da ; ALENCAR, P ; LUCENA, Carlos J P . A Hybrid Diagnostic-Recommendation System for Agent Execution in Multi-Agent Systems. In: ICSOFT-2008, 2008, Porto. Proceedings of the ICSOFT-2008, 2008. COSTA, Andrew Diniz da ; Nunes, C.; SILVA, Viviane Torres da; S. NETO, B. F.; LUCENA, Carlos J P . JAAF+T: A Framework to Implement Self-Adaptive Agents that Apply Self-Test. In: The 25th Symposium On Applied Computing (SAC 2010), Switzerland, © LES/PUC-Rio

70 Referências AZEVEDO, S. C. ; NETTO, M. T. A. ; COSTA, Andrew Diniz da ; Borsato, B.; LUCENA, Carlos J P . Multi-Agent System for Stock Exchange Simulation MASSES. In: IV Workshop on Software Engineering for Agent-oriented Systems (SEAS 2008), 2008, Campinas. Anais do SEAS 2008, 2008. COSTA, Andrew Diniz da ; SILVA, Viviane Torres da ; ALENCAR, P ; LUCENA, Carlos J P ; Donald, D. . A Hybrid Diagnostic-Recommendation System for Agent Execution Applied to Ubiquitous Computing Systems. In: IV Workshop on Software Engineering for Agent-oriented Systems (SEAS 2008), 2008, Campinas. Anais do SEAS 2008, 2008. COSTA, Andrew Diniz da ; AZEVEDO, F. ; AZEVEDO, S. C. ; SILVA, Viviane Torres da ; LUCENA, Carlos J P . Zé Carioca LES - Agent Reputation Trust (ART) testbed. In: Third Workshop on Software Engineering for Agent-Oriented Systems (III SEAS), 2007, João Pessoa. Anais do III Workshop on Software Engineering for Agent-Oriented Systems (SEAS), 2007. © LES/PUC-Rio

71 The End


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