CURRENT ISSUES. INTRODUCTIONS I think Cloning is good. Clonagem Pena de morte Engenharia genética Controle de armas Aborto Eutanásia.

Apresentação em tema: "CURRENT ISSUES. INTRODUCTIONS I think Cloning is good. Clonagem Pena de morte Engenharia genética Controle de armas Aborto Eutanásia."— Transcrição da apresentação:

1 CURRENT ISSUES

2 INTRODUCTIONS

3 I think Cloning is good. Clonagem Pena de morte Engenharia genética Controle de armas Aborto Eutanásia

4 I believe Cloning is good. Clonagem Pena de morte Engenharia genética Controle de armas Aborto Eutanásia

5 In my opinion Cloning is good. Clonagem Pena de morte Engenharia genética Controle de armas Aborto Eutanásia

6 The notion that Cloning is good is a provocative one, and one that I believe in. Clonagem Pena de morte Engenharia genética Controle de armas Aborto Eutanásia

7 Clonagem Pena de morte Engenharia genética Controle de armas Aborto Eutanásia The idea that Cloning is good is a provocative one, and one that I believe in.

8 Clonagem Pena de morte Engenharia genética Controle de armas Aborto Eutanásia The belief that Cloning is good is a provocative one, and one that I believe in.

9 Clonagem Pena de morte Engenharia genética Controle de armas Aborto Eutanásia The thougth that Cloning is good is a provocative one, and one that I believe in.

10 CONJUNCTIONS

11 and I think Cloning AND the Death Penalty are controversial issues.

12 Eu acho que Clonagem E Pena de Morte são assuntos controversos.

13 but I think cloning is a controversial issue, BUT Global Warming is not.

14 Eu acho que clonagem é um tema controverso, MAS Aquecimento Global não é.

15 although ALTHOUGH cloning is a controversial issue, Global Warming isn´t.

16 EMBORA Clonagem seja um assunto controverso, Aquecimento Global não é.

17 because It´s hard for me to talk about Abortion BECAUSE it is a very controversial issue.

18 É dificil, para mim, falar sobre Aborto PORQUE é um assunto muito controverso.

19 instead of I prefer to talk about the Death Penalty, INSTEAD OF talking about Abortion.

20 Prefiro falar sobre a Pena de Morte, AO INVÉS DE falar sobre Aborto.

21 so Abortion is a very controversial issue, SO I will talk about Global Warming.

22 O Aborto é um assunto muito controverso, ENTÃO falarei sobre Aquecimento Global.

23 CONJUNCTIONS but after since after that although while because if (and) then in order to before so as instead (of) therefore incidentally let alone even if as well as whereas that is besides after all nevertheless in spite of thus as long as or and even though despite despite the fact in spite of in spite the fact on the other hand on the other side however

24 Clonagem é a cópia de um original. Alguns acham que clonagem é imoral. Clonagem pode diminuir variabilidade genética. Cloning is the copy of an original. Some people think cloning is immoral. Cloning may reduce genetic variability.

25 Distúrbio alimentar é uma condição. As causas de disordens alimentares são complexas. Disordems Alimentares afetam de 5 a 10 millões de mulheres nos Estados Unidos. An eating disorder is a condition. The causes of eating disorders are complex. Eating disorders affect 5-10 million females in the US.

26 Uma gangue de rua é um grupo organizado. Gangues ganham dinheiro através do comércio de drogas. Violências das gangues é um problema. A street gang is an organized group. Gangs make their money through the drugs trade. Gang violence is a problem.

27 Uma droga é uma substância química. Drogas afetam o sistema nervoso central. A maior parte das juridições proibe o comércio de muitos tipos de drogas. A drug is a chemical substance. Drugs affect the central nervous system. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade of many types of drugs.

28 Pena de morte é a execução de uma pessoa. O uso da pena de morte está se tornando restrita. Singapura, Japão e os Estados Unidos retiveram a pena de morte. Death penalty is the execution of a person. The use of the death penalty is becoming restrained. Singapore, Japan and the U.S. have retained the death penalty.

29 Engenharia genética é a manipulação de gens.A engenharia genética tem encontrado certos sucessos. Alguns exemplos são a melhoria de tecnologia de plantações, e a manufatura de insulina humana sintética. Genetic Engineering is the manipulation of genes. Genetic engineering techniques have found some successes. Some examples are in improving crop technology, the manufacture of synthetic human insulin.

30 Aquecimento global é o aumento de temperatura da atmosfera. O aquecimento global é esperado ser mais forte no Ártico. Outros efeitos incluem aumento na intensidade de eventos climáticos. Global warming is the rise in temperature of the atmosphere. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic. Other effects include increases in the intensity of extreme weather events.

31 Racismo é o ódio devido a cor da pela, raça, religião, etc. Há quatro tipos de racismo. Histórico, Científico, Institucional e Novo. Racism is the hatred because of skin color, race, religion etc. There are four types of racism. Historical, Scientific, Institutional and New.

32 Controle de armas é a regulação de rifles e armas de mão. Há muitas áreas de debate. Em quais tipos de armas deveriam ser permitido serem possuidos por particulares. Gun control is the regulation of rifles and handguns. There are many areas of debate into what kinds of firearms should be allowed to be privately owned.

33 Aborto é a terminação de uma gravidez. Um aborto pode ocorrer espontaneamente. Abortos são inseguros quando realizados por pessoas sem as habilidades próprias. Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy. An abortion can occur spontaneously. Abortions are unsafe when performed by persons without the proper skills.

34 Eutanásia é a prática de por fim a uma vida. Eutanásia é categorizada em diferentes maneiras. Eutanásia ativa é usualmente considerada sendo um homicídio criminoso. Euthanasia is the practice of ending a life. Euthanasia is categorized in different ways. Active euthanasia is usually considered to be criminal homicide.

35 Terrorismo é o uso de terror como um maneira de coerção. Terrorismo tem sido praticado por organizações políticas e religiosas. Terrorism is the use of terror as a means of coercion. Terrorism has been practiced by political and religious organizations.

36 O trabalho infantil é um problema ao redor do mundo. O trabalho infantil is prevalente especialmente em áreas rurais. Crianças trabalham por uma variedade de razões, a mais importante sendo a pobreza. Child labor is a problem throughout the world. Child labor is especially prevalent in rural areas. Children work for a variety of reasons, the most important being poverty.

37 5

38 Clonagem é a cópia de um original. Alguns acham que clonagem é imoral. Clonagem pode diminuir variabilidade genética. Cloning is the copy of an original. Some people think cloning is immoral. Cloning may reduce genetic variability.

39 Clonagem em seres humanos pode ser uma solução para infertilidade. A clonagem de partes de órgãos pode servir como uma salva- vidas. Cloning in human beings can be a solution to infertility. Cloning body parts can serve as a lifesaver.

40 A clonagem de de partes de órgãos possivelmente convidará mal práticas na sociedade. Cloning of body organs might invite malpractices in society.

41 Clonagem é igual a tentar ser como Deus. Clonagem pode potencialmente interferir com a evolução natural. Cloning is equal to emulating God. Cloning could potentially interfere with natural evolution.

42 A habilidade de clonar humanos pode levar a geneticamente fabricar filhos. The ability to clone humans may lead to the genetic tailoring of offspring.

43

44 Cloning is the copy of an original. Some people think cloning is immoral. Cloning may reduce genetic variability. Cloning in human beings can be a solution to infertility. Cloning body parts can serve as a lifesaver. Cloning of body organs might invite malpractices in society. Cloning is equal to emulating God. Cloning could potentially interfere with natural evolution. The ability to clone humans may lead to the genetic tailoring of offspring.

45 Clonagem é a cópia de um original. Alguns acham que clonagem é imoral. Clonagem pode diminuir variabilidade genética. Clonagem em seres humanos pode ser uma solução para infertilidade. A clonagem de partes de órgãos pode servir como uma salva-vidas. A clonagem de de partes de órgãos possivelmente convidará mal práticas na sociedade. Clonagem é igual a tentar ser como Deus. Clonagem pode potencialmente interferir com a evolução natural. A habilidade de clonar humanos pode levar a geneticamente fabricar filhos.

46

47 6

48 Uma droga é uma substância química. Drogas afetam o sistema nervoso central. A maior parte das juridições proibe o comércio de muitos tipos de drogas. A drug is a chemical substance. Drugs affect the central nervous system. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade of many types of drugs.

49 Drogas ilegais são más para você e como seu corpo funciona. É fácil tornar-se viciado em drogas ilegais. Illegal drugs are bad for you and the way your body works. It is easy to become addicted to illegal drugs.

50 Maconha, heroina, cocaina, ecstasy e crack são todas drogas ilegais que as pessoas frequentemente tornam-se viciadas. Marijuana, heroin, cocaine, ecstasy and crack are all illegal drugs that people often become addicted to.

51 Até mesmo algumas drogas prescritas são viciantes. Drogas destroem a vida de famílias e relacionamentos. Even some prescription drugs are addictive. Drugs destroy family lives and relationships.

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53 A engenharia genética tem encontrado certos sucessos. Alguns exemplos são a melhoria de tecnologia de plantações, e a manufatura de insulina humana sintética. Genetic engineering techniques have found some successes. Some examples are in improving crop technology, the manufacture of synthetic human insulin.

54 Aquecimento global é o aumento de temperatura da atmosfera. O aquecimento global é esperado ser mais forte no Ártico. Outros efeitos incluem aumento na intensidade de eventos climáticos. Global warming is the rise in temperature of the atmosphere. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic. Other effects include increases in the intensity of extreme weather events.

55 8

56 Racismo é o ódio devido a cor da pela, raça, religião, etc. Há quatro tipos de racismo. Histórico, Científico, Institucional e Novo. Racism is the hatred because of skin color, race, religion etc. There are four types of racism. Historical, Scientific, Institutional and New.

57 Controle de armas é a regulação de rifles e armas de mão. Há muitas áreas de debate. Em quais tipos de armas deveriam ser permitido serem possuidos por particulares. Gun control is the regulation of rifles and handguns. There are many areas of debate into what kinds of firearms should be allowed to be privately owned.

58 Aborto é a terminação de uma gravidez. Um aborto pode ocorrer espontaneamente. Abortos são inseguros quando realizados por pessoas sem as habilidades próprias. Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy. An abortion can occur spontaneously. Abortions are unsafe when performed by persons without the proper skills.

59 Eutanásia é a prática de por fim a uma vida. Eutanásia é categorizada em diferentes maneiras. Eutanásia ativa é usualmente considerada sendo um homicídio criminoso. Euthanasia is the practice of ending a life. Euthanasia is categorized in different ways. Active euthanasia is usually considered to be criminal homicide.

60 9

61 Terrorismo é o uso de terror como um maneira de coerção. Terrorismo tem sido praticado por organizações políticas e religiosas. Tem sido praticado por ambos alas dos partidos politicos tanto os de esquerda quanto os de direita. Terrorism is the use of terror as a means of coercion. Terrorism has been practiced by political and religious organizations. It has been practiced by both right-wing and left-wing political parties.

62 O trabalho infantil é um problema ao redor do mundo. O trabalho infantil is prevalente especialmente em áreas rurais. Crianças trabalham por uma variedade de razões, a mais importante sendo a pobreza. Child labor is a problem throughout the world. Child labor is especially prevalent in rural areas. Children work for a variety of reasons, the most important being poverty.

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64 Clonagem é a cópia de um original. Alguns acham que clonagem é imoral. Clonagem pode diminuir variabilidade genética. Cloning is the copy of an original. Some people think cloning is immoral. Cloning may reduce genetic variability.

65 Clonagem em seres humanos pode ser uma solução para infertilidade. A clonagem de partes de órgãos pode servir como uma salva- vidas. Cloning in human beings can be a solution to infertility. Cloning body parts can serve as a lifesaver.

66 A clonagem de de partes de órgãos possivelmente convidará mal práticas na sociedade. Cloning of body organs might invite malpractices in society.

67 Clonagem é igual a tentar ser como Deus. Clonagem pode potencialmente interferir com a evolução natural. Cloning is equal to emulating God. Cloning could potentially interfere with natural evolution.

68 A habilidade de clonar humanos pode levar a geneticamente fabricar filhos. The ability to clone humans may lead to the genetic tailoring of offspring.

69 Uma droga é uma substância química. Drogas afetam o sistema nervoso central. A maior parte das juridições proibe o comércio de muitos tipos de drogas. A drug is a chemical substance. Drugs affect the central nervous system. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade of many types of drugs.

70 Drogas ilegais são más para você e como seu corpo funciona. É fácil tornar-se viciado em drogas ilegais. Illegal drugs are bad for you and the way your body works. It is easy to become addicted to illegal drugs.

71 Maconha, heroina, cocaina, ecstasy e crack são todas drogas ilegais que as pessoas frequentemente tornam-se viciadas. Marijuana, heroin, cocaine, ecstasy and crack are all illegal drugs that people often become addicted to.

72 Até mesmo algumas drogas prescritas são viciantes. Drogas destroem a vida de famílias e relacionamentos. Even some prescription drugs are addictive. Drugs destroy family lives and relationships.

73 A engenharia genética tem encontrado certos sucessos. Alguns exemplos são a melhoria de tecnologia de plantações, e a manufatura de insulina humana sintética. Genetic engineering techniques have found some successes. Some examples are in improving crop technology, the manufacture of synthetic human insulin.

74 Aquecimento global é o aumento de temperatura da atmosfera. O aquecimento global é esperado ser mais forte no Ártico. Outros efeitos incluem aumento na intensidade de eventos climáticos. Global warming is the rise in temperature of the atmosphere. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic. Other effects include increases in the intensity of extreme weather events.

75 Racismo é o ódio devido a cor da pela, raça, religião, etc. Há quatro tipos de racismo. Histórico, Científico, Institucional e Novo. Racism is the hatred because of skin color, race, religion etc. There are four types of racism. Historical, Scientific, Institutional and New. Historical racism based on lineage and common decent; Scientific racism believes we can all be characterized by certain physical traits,Institutional racism - activities which are intended to protect the advantages of a dominant group.

76 Controle de armas é a regulação de rifles e armas de mão. Há muitas áreas de debate. Em quais tipos de armas deveriam ser permitido serem possuidos por particulares. Gun control is the regulation of rifles and handguns. There are many areas of debate into what kinds of firearms should be allowed to be privately owned.

77 Aborto é a terminação de uma gravidez. Um aborto pode ocorrer espontaneamente. Abortos são inseguros quando realizados por pessoas sem as habilidades próprias. Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy. An abortion can occur spontaneously. Abortions are unsafe when performed by persons without the proper skills.

78 Eutanásia é a prática de por fim a uma vida. Eutanásia é categorizada em diferentes maneiras. Eutanásia ativa é usualmente considerada sendo um homicídio criminoso. Euthanasia is the practice of ending a life. Euthanasia is categorized in different ways. Active euthanasia is usually considered to be criminal homicide. The controversy surrounding euthanasia centers around an argument which characterizes euthanasia as either voluntary "suicides", or as involuntary murders.

79 Terrorismo é o uso de terror como um maneira de coerção. Terrorismo tem sido praticado por organizações políticas e religiosas. Tem sido praticado por ambos alas dos partidos politicos tanto os de esquerda quanto os de direita. Terrorism is the use of terror as a means of coercion. Terrorism has been practiced by political and religious organizations. It has been practiced by both right-wing and left-wing political parties.

80 O trabalho infantil é um problema ao redor do mundo. O trabalho infantil is prevalente especialmente em áreas rurais. Crianças trabalham por uma variedade de razões, a mais importante sendo a pobreza. Child labor is a problem throughout the world. Child labor is especially prevalent in rural areas. Children work for a variety of reasons, the most important being poverty.

81 Uma gangue de rua é um grupo organizado que participa em atividades criminais dentro de uma comunidade. As Nações Unidas estimam que gangues ganham a maior parte de seu dinheiro através do comércio de drogas. A violência das gangues é um problema em cada cidade dos Estados Unidades e a filiação está em crescimento. A street gang is an organized group that participates in criminal activity within a community. The UN estimate that gangs make most of their money through the drugs trade. Gang violence is a problem in every major city in the United States and membership is on the rise.

82

83 e mas ainda então and but yet so or after after that although if because (and) then before

84 Gangues de rua e drogas são problemas ao redor do mundo. Street gangs and drugs are problems throughout the world.

85 Global warming is a problem, but terrorism is bigger problem throughout the world. Aquecimento global é um problema, mas terrorismo é um problema maior ao redor do mundo.

86 Global warming is a problem yet terrorism is bigger problem throughout the world. Aquecimento global é um problema, todavia terrorismo é um problema maior ao redor do mundo.

87 ambos... e não apenas... mas também... tanto... quanto... nem... nem.. both...and not only...but also either...or neither...nor

88 both...and Ambos Aborto e Eutanásia são crimes.

89 not only...but also Não somente o aborto mas também a eutanásia são crimes.

90 either...or Tanto o aborto como eutanásia são crimes.

91 neither...nor Nem o aborto nem a eutanásia são corretos.

92 embora embora apesar de ao passo que enquanto although though even though whereas while

93 although Embora o trabalho infantil é um problema global, o racismo não é.

94 even though Apesar o trabalho infantil é um problema global, o racismo não é.

95 whereas O trabalho infantil é um problema global ao passo que o racismo não é.

96 while O trabalho infantil é um problema global enquanto que o racismo não é.

97 depois de antes de quando enquanto desde até after before when while since until

98 porque uma vez que agora que entao assim como de modo a because since now that so as in order that

99 se a menos que somente se se ou não ainda que no caso de if unless only if whether or not even if In case (that)

100

101 The (A) that _____ is _____ is (B). AB notion belief thought idea proposition untenable dubious absurd cockamamie groundless unfounded absolutely wild

102 The differences between _____ and _____ are A, and they B. AB pronounced striking deserve thorough investigation merit rigorous scrutiny deserve thorough examination deserve thorough scrutiny merit thorough investigation merit thorough examination

103 The differences [similarities] between__and___ are__and ___ pronounced deserve striking merit thorough investigation rigorous scrutiny examination

104 Although they bear some similarities, the differences between Brazilian cars and imported cars are clear.

105 While some differences between high school and college are evident, the similarities are striking.

106 The b e l i e f that the president can do anything he wants is groundless.

107 That the city of New Orleans can be restored to its condition prior to Hurricane Katrina is an u n t e n a b l e proposition.

108 To hold that learning a second language is easy is an example of fuzzy thinking.

109 To subscribe to the b e l i e f that the world will come to an end tomorrow is absurd.

110 That diamonds are a girl's best friend is somewhat dubious.

111 That fuel made from corn can replace gasoline is an attractive proposition.

112 The assertion that prescription drugs are fairly priced seems to me to constitute a fundamental confusion about the profit motive of pharmaceutical companies.

113 It would be hard to d e n y that men make more money than women, even when doing the same job.

114 Hurricane Katrina's aftermath, according to the experts, is going to be devastating.

115 The definition of a liberal education is something not easily come by.

116 How are we to account for the increase of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere? How are we to account for the worldwide outbreaks of avian flu? How are we to account for the rampant use of steroids in professional sports?

117 Marriage is about love and commitment; but it is also, more simply, about getting along. Being an immigrant is about leaving one's native country; but it is also, more deeply, about adapting to a new culture.

118 My job has undergone a number of prominent transformations, but none more so than the doubling of my work load while reducing my hours.

119 Truth be told, Harrad College has generated a lot of interest lately. The major topics that I will address in this essay are: the role of geography in my choice, the strength of the mathematics department, and the financial support offered by Harrad College.

120 Truth be told, parents are not the best teachers for children. In the following paragraphs, I will elucidate the importance of grammar school teachers and high school teachers in the lives of children.

121 The most important questions about avian flu are simple ones. Can we be made safe, and if so, how? Only by answering these questions can we get a head start on planning for the disaster that everyone is predicting.

122 What culture is, is a provocative question. It raises further questions: Where do we find culture? How do we distinguish high culture from low culture? What is the difference between culture and ordinary behavior?

123 Why French films are so popular in America is a fascinating question. It raises further questions: Which French directors are most popular? How do distributors of movies decide which French films to distribute in America? When did French cinema become popular in America?

124 Do you think that aliens exist? Example Whether aliens exist or not is a fascinating question. It raises further questions: How would they react to us? Where did they come from? Why did they come to our planet?

125 Is there one favorite book or film that stands out as a strong influence on me? The goal of this essay is to illustrate how the novel All The Stars Came Out That Night has been so influential in my personal development. To this end, this essay is organized in three sections. The first section deals with the issue of race in that novel and in my life. The second section examines the theme of courage in the novel and in my life. The final section shows how class was an issue in the novel and how it influenced my dealing with being from a low class.

126 Do fish swim or are they actually motorcyclists? The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how fish have evolved to use motorcycles. To this end, the paper is organized in three main sections: The first section describes the fish tail, clearly intended to be used for motorcycle turn signals. The second section explores the use of scale colors as part of a complicated rightof- way system. The final section examines lessons we can learn from the perfect harmony of a motorcycle-based aquatic society. Does the sensation of pain benefit an organism or is it a bad feeling? The goal of this essay is organized in three sections: The first section shows how people can benefit from the painful sensation. The second section describes the up to date data about how bad the sensation pain is. The final section tries to provide my personal view on the topic, which is that acute pain is an alarming signal to warn the organisms the potential danger, while organisms can rarely benefit from the chronic pain, which can last months or even years, sometimes leading people to suicide. 3. Are people optimists or pessimists? The goal of this study is to describe if the majority of people are positive in their moods. To this end, this study is organized in three sections. The first section describes a simple experiment alone on a significant statistical population. The experiment tried to make people miss the train. The second section analyzes the behavior of the people that swear in stead of remain calm. The final section reported a statistical correlation finding that the majority of the considered population got angry. 4. Do university students spend more time working or socializing? The goal of this study is to reveal student perceptions of time spent studying and socializing. To this end, this paper is organized into two sections. The first section examines the ratio of true time spent studying to time spend socializing. The second section compares this ratio to student perceptions. Finally,...

127 What are the reasons for attending Harrad College? How will earning a college degree help fulfill my career goals? What, indeed, are my career goals? Answers to these questions will be undertaken in the following paragraphs. I will develop my narrative with examples o f how I achieved previous goals and how these goals are linked to my future.

128 How will technology change the way we live in the next 30 years? Will our lives be better? Will we coexist with millions of robots? Will I fall in love with a cyborg? Will we create weapons of mass destruction and annihilate life on earth? This essay attempts to answer these intriguing questions. My opinion is that technological change is inevitable, but we face many dangers. I will support my opinion with examples o f how I think life will be in the year 2035.

129 This essay challenges the idea that all students should be required to wear the same uniforms. It questions first why administrators want to make everybody look the same. Then it points out that diversity is a goal, not only in the make-up of the student body but in the clothes students wear. It contends, further, that choosing the clothes you wear is an expression of free speech, defended by the Constitution. It concludes that sameness3 in anything is a bad idea.

130 T h i s essay examines w h e t h e r it is better for a w o m a n to help her husband w i t h his c a r e e r t h a n to have a c a r e e r herself. Beginning w i t h a disagreement w i t h the statement on t h e basis of equal rights, it goes on to argue that if t h e r e is a d i v o r c e after many y e a r s, t h e w o m a n w o u l d have no w a y to support herself if she just helped her husband w i t h his career. It p r o c e e d s to s a y that money is power, and if y o u don't earn money, y o u have little p o w e r in a marriage. A l l told, t h e essay i l l u s t r a t e s the need for equality in all human relationships.

131 T h i s essay centers on a v e r y famous person w h o m I w o u l d love to meet but can't because she is dead: M a r i l y n Monroe. It b e g i n s with a discussion of t h e actress's marvelous personality. It c o n t i n u e s w i t h an exploration o f her appeal to millions of red-blooded A m e r i c a n s. It c o n c l u d e s that s u c h a meeting should be in a c o z y bistro w i t h a bottle of Dom P e r i g n o n champagne.

132 In t h i s essay, I w i l l argue that not all students w h o w a n t to go to college should actually go. G i v i n g the d e v i l his due, I w i l l take on the argument that students w h o do poorly in high school came f r om disadvantaged backgrounds and had bad t e a c h e r s. I w i l l c o n c l u d e that, w h i l e our educational s y s t em deprives some w o r t h y students of the opportunity to go to college, our s y s t em is a lot f a i r e r than that of most countries.

133 In t h i s essay, I w i l l argue that not all students w h o w a n t to g o t o college should actually go. G i v i n g the d e v i l his due, I w i l l take on the arguments that students w h o do poorly in high school came f r om disadvantaged backgrounds and had poor t e a c h e r s, w h i l e noting that many of t h e s e students are sociopaths and hooligans. I w i l l c o n c l u d e that, w h i l e our educational s y s t em deprives some w o r t h y students of the opportunity to go to college, our s y s t em is a lot f a i r e r t h a n that of most countries.

134 My purpose in t h i s paper is to determine w h e t h e r couples therapy w o r k s, f o c u s i n g e s p e c i a l l y on t h e outcomes of t h e therapy, pointing out that many couples drop out of therapy, and c o n c e n t r a t i n g on w i t h d r a w a l of t h e man or t h e w o m a n. A l o n g the w a y, I w i l l delve into the coding of couples' conversations. I w i l l further support my t h e s i s that s u c c e s s of couples' t h e r a p y depends mostly on t h e couple's active participation in t h e p r o c e s s w i t h data f r om my r e s e a r c h.. E v i d e n c e for my argument w i l l come f r om t r a n s c r i p t s of v o i c e r e c o r d i n g s of couples in therapy.

135 1 w i l l begin by discussing different t h e o r i e s and development policies that attempt to deal w i t h poverty. T h i s w i l l lead to a d i s c u s s i o n of small-scale enterprises and c o o p e r a t i v e s, both formal and informal. Next, I will evaluate the impact of c o o p e r a t i v e s and s h o w that w o m e n can participate in business as e f f e c t i v e l y as men can. I w i l l then indicate strategies w h i c h could support women's efforts. Such strategies, h o w e v e r, may be i n e f f e c t i v e w i t h o u t adequate credit, and I will d i s c u s s the role of banks in helping small-scale women's enterprises. Next, I w i l l t u r n my attention to t h e particular case of South A f r i c a in t h e w a k e of t h e r e c e n t global c o n f e r e n c e in w h i c h black and w h i t e w o m e n participated for t h e first time. I w i l l c o n c l u d e that prospects for real c h a n g e and f o r implementation of t h e strategies that could help small-scale enterprise in South A f r i c a are cloudy.

136 1 a. To r e c a p i t u l a t e, w h a t w e have here is an e x p o s i t i o n of h o w cats have entered t h e English language. T h e intriguing ideas e x p r e s s e d h e r e open the door to questions about h o w other animals have influenced the English language. 1 b. To r e c a p i t u l a t e, w h a t w e have h e r e is an e x p o s i t i o n of h o w cats have entered the English language. Of further interest in t h i s r e g a r d is h o w other animals have influenced the English language. 1 c. To recap, w h a t w e have here is an e x p o s i t i o n of h o w cats have entered the English language. T h i s intriguing subject stimulates questions s u c h as h o w other animals have influenced the English language. Your

137 r e t h e s e the o n l y p o s s i b l e interpretations of t h e play? Of c o u r s e not. Understanding Beckett's mastery of s y m b o l i sm and s t a g e c r a f t is only the beginning. W e could go d o w n the road of puns, playing w i t h language. That's the road Godot took, isn't it? Did-I go-go? T h e r e is also the road that c o n n e c t s Beckett to his f o r e b e a r s, that connects Ireland to England. Beckett's landscape may appear bare, but beneath the s u r f a c e, t h e r e is much to be mined.

138 But is this the w h o l e story? What about the fattening effects of gummy bears? As this and o t h e r such questions suggest, gummy bears are particularly insidious when it comes t o making kids fat.

139 But is t h i s the w h o l e story? W h a t about elementary school children? N o w w e f i nd o u r s e l v e s w i t h a r i c h e r story, one that demonstrates that similarity of clothing for all g r a d e s levels t h e playing field so that students see only t h e d i f f e r e n c e s in one another's ideas.

140 To conclude, let me r e c a p i t u l a t e the main facets of my narration. Community s e r v i c e is vital for a thriving democracy, and all citizens should do it. Reading to the blind w o u l d be my c h o i c e of s e r v i c e. Obviously, not e v e r y issue r e l a t e d to community s e r v i c e has been discussed. W h a t I leave f o r further commentary is an understanding of h o w the message of v o l u n t a r y community s e r v i c e can be sprea d to the w e a l t h y folks w h o w o u l d rather play golf.

141 W h a t I h a v e a r g u e d here is that rock music is more popular than classical music because it can be danced to. H o w e v e r, I can't offer the comforting assurance that this is t h e only reason for rock's greater popularity. I h a v e m e r e l y scratched the surface of w h y rock is so popular. More work remains to be done about rock's popularity. For instance, musical g e n r e s are crossing now.

142 Clearly, The Chronicles of Narnia has had a strong effect on me. In short, if t i c k e t sales a r e a n y i n d i c a t i o n, The Chronicles of Narnia will continue to h a v e effects on t h o u s a n d s of kids. O n l y further investigation w i l l show h o w this film will effect my appreciation of similar Biblical stories.

143 I have no illusion that my claim will be acceptable to all, e s p e c i a l l y to c a r d - c a r r y i n g liberals. Probably t h e most challenging part w i l l be convincing the less adventurous that w e may find life on Mars. A b o v e all, I hope that this analysis c a n h e lp to r e f o c u s our attention on space, the last frontier, to get us to go w h e r e no man has gone before.

144 I do not s u p p o s e that all w r i t i n g t e a c h e r s will immediately embrace the template approach. I do e x p e c t that time will t u r n t h e tide, as both native and non-native students, as w e l l as t u t o r s for SAT® and TOEFL® w r i t i n g, embrace the a p p r o a c h, and I hope that w r i t i n g t e a c h e r s will use templates as a w a y of letting students discover on their o w n t h e syntactical s t r u c t u r e s of good essays. Only longitudinal study w i l l prove, or d i s p r o v e, w h a t I t h i n k is t h e c a s e — t h a t students w h o use templates for v a r i o u s parts of t h e i r papers will eventually lose their need for templates and t h a t t h e v a r i o u s syntactic s t r u c t u r e s that compose many good conclusions, introductions, etc., will be imprinted in t h e heads of t h e students w h o used templates to a much greater d e g r e e than in t h e heads of t h e students w h o n e v e r used them.

145 I do not c l a im that only t h e elite, t h e best and t h e brightest, should go to college. On t h e contrary, many more students t h a n actually do go to college n o w h a v e the intelligence to do so. N o n e t h e l e s s, t h e r e are many students w h o dislike studying or w h o don't believe that college is w o r t h the investment, and t h e y should not go to college. O n l y further research w i l l show w h e t h e r vocational schools or military s e r v i c e are good alternatives to college.

146 a. A n y explanation of the fact that s e x determination w o u l d be incomplete w i t h o u t mention of t h e t h r e e kinds of s e x t y p e s : male, female, and both types. b. Not to mention that s e x determination has t h r e e kinds of s e x types that are male, female, and both t y p e s w o u l d be an oversight. c. To omit f r om our d i s c u s s i o n that s e x determination has t h r e e kinds of s e x t y p e — m a l e, female, and b o t h — w o u l d be an oversight.

147 Proponents of the opposite v i e w argue that t h e r e hasn't been an i n c r e a s e in the minimum w a g e since 1997 and that inflation makes $5.15/hr. s e em like nothing. In light of t h i s must w e c o n c l u d e that raising the minimum w a g e is a good thing for our country? Not n e c e s s a r i l y. First, most of the people making the minimum w a g e w o r k in restaurants and t h e y get good money f r om tips, and if w e pay t h em more, t h e n the price of a hamburger will go up and people will stop eating at restaurants, w h i c h is bad for the economy.

148 The main point here is that there are some types of sex determination on the earth. It depends on the species. In addition, I want to point out that the sex of human being is determined by the production of hormones. As everyone knows, every beings have DNA. In human case, the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the cell has influence to human sex. Human being has the X chromosome and the Y one. If the 23rd pair was XX, the human is female. On the other hand, if the pair was XY, the human is male. So the sex of human being is decided by the pair. Also of importance is the fact that some kinds of fishes can change their own sex after they were born. The mechanism is unknown, but actually the sex can change from the male to female if there were only two males or females. Moreover, the tempareture of water influence to fish's sex. High tempareture bring them to male, low tempareture bring them to female, and middle tempareture bring them both sex. The final feature that I would note is that some other species, such as birds and bataflies, have totally different chromosomes, WandZ. The mechanizm of sex determination is similar to human being, but of course it is not exactly some as humans because of types of chromosomes.

149 while in order to as instead (of) therefore incidentally let alone even if as well as whereas that is besides after all nevertheless in spite of thus as long as since even though despite despite the fact in spite of in spite the fact on the other hand on the other side however yet furthermore