Profa. Cristina Maria Henrique Pinto CFS/CCB/UFSC Fisiologia Respiratória

PARA ALUNOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM MEDICINA APENAS PARA FACILITAR O ESTUDO E O ACOMPANHAMENTO DAS AULAS SEMESTRE: 2003/2 As figuras retiradas de sites são seguidas pelo endereço na internet. Para consulta a textos e outros recursos online, visite os sites recomendados em “dicas de sites didáticos“ em: “ PRESERVE O DIREITO AUTORAL CITANDO A FONTE.

FUNÇÕES DO SISTEMA RESPIRATÓRIO Fornecimento de oxigênio aos tecidos e remoção do dióxido de carbono. INTERAÇÃO ENTRE FUNÇÕES RESPIRATÓRIAS E NÃO-RESPIRATÓRIAS: Vocalização, deglutição, regulação térmica, vômito, micção, defecação, parto, sono e emoções.

RESPIRATION CONSISTS OF FOUR SEPARATE PARTS: The first is pulmonary ventilation in which air is moved into and out of the body. The second, external respiration, involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood. The third is internal respiration, which involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular or tissue level. Finally, cellular respiration is the utilization of oxygen to produce energy, which also produces carbon dioxide as a by- product.

O estudo da Fisiologia da Respiração pode ser dividido em quatro grandes eventos funcionais: 1- a ventilação pulmonar, que é a renovação cíclica do gás alveolar pelo ar atmosférico; 2- a difusão do oxigênio (O 2 ) e do dióxido de carbono (CO 2 ) entre os alvéolos e o sangue; 3- o transporte, no sangue e nos líquidos corporais, do O 2 (dos pulmões para as células) e do CO 2 (das células para os pulmões); 4- a regulação da ventilação e de outros aspectos da respiração.

O APARELHO RESPIRATÓRIO REVISÃO CD-ROM A.D.A.M.S.

ZONA DE CONDUÇÃO

ZONA DE CONDUÇÃO

The pleural cavities are closed sacs enveloping each lung. Each cavity comprises a visceral layer (green) and a parietal layer (blue).

Pneumothorax A pneumothorax is a condition in which air has entered and expanded the normally closed pleural space, driving pleural pressure up toward atmospheric pressure, and resulting in partial or complete collapse of the lung. When pleural pressure approaches zero, the lung and chest wall both move toward the equilibrium positions they would assume in the absence of any external pressures-- the lung collapses and the chest wall springs out. A pneumothorax may be induced by a break in either the parietal pleura (e.g., from trauma, needle or catheter insertion) or in the visceral pleura (e.g., from rupture of a subpleural air pocket or necrosis of lung adjacent to the pleura). The right side of this patient's thoracic cavity (viewer's left) shows a darker area where the lung should be. Note the expanded chest wall and the collapsed lung.

Fig Conducting airways and terminal respiratory units of the lung. The relative size of the respiratory unit is greatly enlarged. Figures at the bottom indicate the approximate number of generations from trachea to alveoli, which may vary from as few as 10 to as many as 27. (From Weibel ER: Morphometry of the human lung, Heidelberg, Germany, 1963, Springer-Verlag.) Berne et al, 2004

Fig Increase in surface area. Total cross section of the airways in the human lung by generation. Although each generation of airway is smaller than its parent, the total cross-sectional area of each generation is greater than the total area of the previous generation. (From Weibel ER: Morphometry of the human lung, Heidelberg, Germany, 1963, Springer-Verlag.) Berne et al, 2004

brônquios bronquíolos Bronquíolos respiratórios

These two scanning electron micrographs show the organization of the pulmonary acinus. This micrograph is of a cast of two terminal bronchioles, the short respiratory, or transitional, bronchioles and all of the alveolar air spaces supplied by those bronchioles. SETA: bronquíolo respiratório.

Resin cast of pulmonary arteries and airways Resin cast of pulmonary veins and airways

ULTRAESTRUTURA DO EPITÉLIO RESPIRATÓRIO

Células que produzem surfactante

Continua no arquivo: “mecânica ventilatória”