Youth Justice System in Brazil: challenges for changing from a tutelary model to a welfare approach Liana de Paula Senior lecturer - Federal University.

Apresentação em tema: "Youth Justice System in Brazil: challenges for changing from a tutelary model to a welfare approach Liana de Paula Senior lecturer - Federal University."— Transcrição da apresentação:

1 Youth Justice System in Brazil: challenges for changing from a tutelary model to a welfare approach
Liana de Paula Senior lecturer - Federal University of Sao Paulo (Brazil) Academic visitor - King`s College London; Institute of Criminology - University of Cambridge. Grant by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp).

2 The “Justice for Minors”
Social context of the first Republic and attempts of modernization of the Brazilian society First institutions only for minors: beginning of the 20th century A possible response to the social question in the cities (Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro) Disciplinary Institute – Sao Paulo (undated)

3 Pioneering institutions:
1902: Disciplinary Institute and Correctional Colony (São Paulo – city); 1903: XV of November School (Rio de Janeiro – city). National Law: 1927: First Code of Minors (National Law). Organization of specialized social services: 1938: Social Service for Abandoned and Delinquent Minors (São Paulo – state); 1941: SAM (Service of Assistance for Minors) - Rio de Janeiro – state; 1964: Funabem (National Foundation of the Welfare of the Minor), based in Rio de Janeiro; 1976: Febem (State Foundation of the Welfare of the Minor) - São Paulo.

4 A tutelary justice: characteristics
Conceptions of poor children and young persons as in moral danger and marginalized: minor as a social category. Causality between poverty and disorder (moral danger and urban order), and between poverty, (moral) abandonment and crime: The doctrine of irregular situation and the second Code of Minors (1979). Insufficient family care and replacement for professional care (public social services and specialized institutions). Focus on custody: special care for vulnerable children and for dangerous children.

5 Effects: late 20th century
Violence and corporal punishments; Overcrowding; Riots; Deaths in custody; São Paulo: growth of young offenders institutions (Complexes). Riots – SP

6 A new Youth Justice: welfare and rights of the child
Re-democratization process and the rights of children as part of the democratic agenda. Rights of the child and UN Conferences and Rules. New National Law: Statute of the Child and the Adolescent (1990). Youth Justice as child centered: focus on the right of the child. Change of lexicon: from “minor” to “young person in trouble with the law”. Focus on community sentences: juvenile probation and community services.

7 Youth Justice system in São Paulo
Major institutional crisis at Febem in the end of the 1990’s and re-organization of the system: 1990’s: First investments in improving the system split the services for vulnerable children and for young persons in trouble with the law (Febem). 2000’s: Investments to reduce overcrowding and riots (new young offenders institutions) and change of name for Fundação CASA 2008: New organization of the state system: Custodial Sentences: Fundação CASA, and Community sentences: local social assistance services

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9 Challenges Cultural resistance of the teams that work with custodial sentences (Fundação CASA): Resistances, power struggles and professional cultures Some acceptance of physical punishment Changes in public management and public financial constraints Difficulties in managing the Youth Justice system, in all levels Public opinion: need of punishment, fear of crime and struggle against impunity Punitivism as an “easy way out” of public safety crisis Resistances to civil rights and lack of a egalitarian imagination Disjunctive democracy in Brazil (Caldeira, 2000).

10 Youth Justice system in Brazil:
Source: Levantamento do Sinase 2014 (2017).

11 São Paulo: Custodial Sentences:
2014: (40% of all young ofenders in custody) 2017 (june): 9.357 Source: Fundação CASA

12 References Anistia Internacional (2000). Brasil: desperdício de vidas. [São Paulo], Anistia Internacional. Caldeira, T. P. R. Cidade de Muros. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, (City of Walls). MDH. (2017). Levantamento anual do Sinase Brasília: Ministério dos Direitos Humanos. Paula, L (2017). Punição e cidadania: adolescentes e liberdade assistida na cidade de São Paulo. São Paulo: Alameda Editorial. _____ (2015). Da “questão do menor” à garantia de direitos: discursos e práticas sobre o envolvimento de adolescentes com a criminalidade urbana. Civitas, Porto Alegre, v. 15, n. 1, p Sites: Fundação CASA data: Casa-foi-de-53-rebeli%C3%B5es-em-um-ano-para-2 Pictures: ao-conquistar-trabalho.html

13 Thank you! Contacts: depauliana@gmail.com liana.paula@unifesp.br