Lei de Cotas: Looking at the Implementation of the Brazilian Employment Quota in São Paulo, Brazil Anna C. O’Kelly

Case Study Selection Emerging Market Economic and Employment Growth at National and Municipal levels Strong Legislation Importance of understanding impact and implementation of legislation in Municipal context

Methodology Qualitative research design to analyze the implementation of country-wide legislation in the context of a vibrant municipality Respondents Law makers Managers in private and public sector Disabled Employees Participation in workshops and meetings

Context % of Brazilian population Disabled Million disabled Brazilians State of São Paulo: 6,000,000 disabled inhabitants 2010: 100, 021 Employed (1.67%) City of São Paulo: 1.5 Million disabled inhabitants

Relevant Legislation Lei 8213/91 “Quota Legislation” Companies of Employees: 2% Companies of Employees: 3% Companies of Employees: 4% Companies of 500+ Employees: 5% Decreto 8213/99 Established Enforcement Body for Quota

Quota Legislation How Quota is Calculated Looks at total number of employees in the company Conflicting Laws? How it is Enforced – State level Superintendência Regional do Trabalho e Emprego Branch of Country-level Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego Offices located throughout State of São Paulo Heavily concentrated in city of São Paulo

Efforts at National level Institutions: Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego Creation of Quota Legislation Unequal implementation across country 2004: 4 of 26 States in Brazil employing no PWDs 2007: 26 of 26 States in Brazil employing PWDs Much of implementation left to State

Efforts at State level Institutions Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego Secretaria de Estado dos Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência “Best Performance” in country First State to have a Secretaria dedicated to PWDs Economic performance

Efforts at State level Impact 2001: Only 12 companies in State employing 601 PWDs 2010: 563 companies employing over 100,000 PWDs Main Benefit: Financial Resources “Real goal is to ensure that rights of PWDS are being respected. Actual implementation is at the city level”

Efforts at level of Municipality Institutions Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Economico e do Trabalho Secretaria Municipal da Pessoa com Deficiência e Mobilidade Reduzida Municipality responsible for implementation of programs designed at State level

Efforts at level of Municipality Programa Inclusão Eficiente Partnership between Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Economico e do Trabalho and Secretaria Municipal da Pessoa com Deficiência e Mobilidade Reduzida Implemented at Centro do Apoio ao Trabalho (CAT) Primary goal: Sensitize companies and provide resources

Effort at level of Municipality Programa Inclusão Eficiente (cont’d) Resources: Sem Barreiras Other type of Support Impact 18,000 PWDs in Programa Inclusão Eficiente database 1,000 new positions available everyday Continued difficulty filling employer and employee needs

“Where Will the Quota be in 25 Years?” “Because the quota removes barriers today, we won’t need it in the future.” (Maria Isabel da Silva, Secretaria da Pessoas Com Deficiencias) “Unfortunately, we will still need the Quota. I wish we wouldn’t. People are overcoming their prejudices, but we will always need the Quota’s help.” (Bayard Picchetto, Legal Director at Itautec)