LBA/BARCA – Balanço Regional de Carbono da Amazônia

PBL ht Air parcels arriving at lower atmosphere of inland region Air parcels originating over inflow area which are lofted to upper troposphere by deep convection Large-scale subsidence Inflow region Inland region Large-scale Experiment Concept Differences in CO 2 between the inland and inflow regions reflect Basin-scale carbon fluxes. Of particular interest are air parcels in the lower atmosphere at the inland region (indicated by blue ), which contain the strongest signals of surface exchange. These air parcels arrive at the inland region either from the mid-troposphere or by transport within the PBL. Deep convection lofts air parcels (indicated by green) to the upper troposphere, but there is no analogous path for downward transport of upper tropospheric air. Downward transport occurs principally as downdrafts originating in the mid- troposphere [Scala et al. 1990], or by large-scale subsidence. Thus the height of the cross-sections (10 km) is adequate to characterize the influences on the blue air parcels in combination with transport rates from RAMS or Eta. LBA/BARCA Conceito experimental

LBA/BARCA: Abordagem experimental Uso de dois aviões: Lear Jet (Lider Taxi Aereo) – voa a até pés, INPE Bandeirante até pés Instrumentação: Medidas contínuas de CO, CO 2, O 3, aerossóis. Medidas com frascos para isótopos, CO 2, CO, CH 4, N 2 O, SF 6, NO x e outros Radiossondas extras, medidas em solo The BARCA flight strategies can be divided into the following two categories: Lagrangian regional experiments: diurnal airborne measurements of CO2, CO, and H2O within and above the PBL in an airmass-following framework which provide tight constraints on regional fluxes and their variations across different disturbance regimes. Large-scale surveys: sampling of large-scale CO2 distribution along the synoptic flow pattern gives Basin-scale flux constraints

LBA/BARCA Instrumentations on the planes

Centro de operações no SIPAM, com centro de operações de vôos, previsão meteorológica, integração com radares, e com todo o conjunto de informações do SIPAM Base de dados coletada: situada no próprio SIPAM e no LBA-DIS Operações do LBA/BARCA em Manaus

Laboratório de medidas de alta precisão de gases de efeito estufa: Instalado no LQA/IPEN (Dra. Luciana Vanni Gatti) CO 2 SF 6 CH 4 CO N2ON2ON2ON2O

Estações meteorológicas de superfície - SIPAM Estações meteorológicas de altitude - SIPAM Radares meteorológicos - SIPAM Rede de detectores de relâmpagos - SIPAM Observações meteorológicas do SIPAM

Biomass fires CO 2 and CO BRAMS assimilated met. Tower flux data BARCA CO 2 and CO data Estratégia de modelamento do LBA/BARCA Almost operational at IAG/USP

Framework diagram BARCA: Estrutura ideal de abordagem científica

Scientific Expedition license: With all foreign original documents in hands. With more than 60 Brazilian scientists also signing an agreement. WILL BE SUBMITTED BY INPA, NOT USP. I am just preparing everything. Guerra from CNPq is helping a lot. Included in the expedition license researchers with complementary measurements to CO 2 balance. Sources, processes, regulators, and all that is part of the carbon balance. STILT + BRAMS software system: Almost operational at IAG/USP Integration of biospheric model adapted for Amazonia going on. Testing will be done in August 2004 with CO2 CO profiles from the INPE Bandeirante plane. Time frame: Wet Season March/April 2005; Dry season October/November 2005 LBA BARCA as an LBA integrator for part of the thematic

EXPEDIÇÕES CIENTÍFICAS (Scientific Expeditions) SOLICITAÇÃO DE AUTORIZAÇÃO PARA COLETA DE MATERIAL CIENTÍFICO (Authorization’s Request for Collecting Scientific Material) DECLARAÇÃO DE COMPROMISSO (Statement of Commitment) I hereby declare, for the purpose of carrying out a field research in Brazil, that I shall abide by the laws of the country, especially as determined by Decree nº of January 15, 1990 and Ministry of Science and Technology Regulatory Act nº 55 of March 14, 1990, of which I am fully aware. I hereby authorize the Ministry of Science and Technology and any Brazilian Institution involved to translate, publish and distribute in Brazil any works produced as a result of fieldwork in Brazil and conforming to the second part of the first paragraph of Article 5 of Decree nº /90. I declare that any material collected or later identified as a “type” specimen will be placed in the appropriate Brazilian institute. I declare that I assume the responsibility to inform the co-participating and co-responsible Brazilian Institution, periodically or when asked about, the progress of work outside Brazil using the collected material and to provide scientific results in their complete or partially complete form where appropriate. I declare that I assume financial responsibility for all activities to be carried out as proposed in related documents. My financial support will be provided by ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ (to be filled out) Pesquisador estrangeiro (Foreign researcher) Data (Date) _____/_____/_____ Assinatura (Signature) Pesquisador estrangeiro (Foreign researcher) Data (Date) _____/_____/_____ Assinatura (Signature) Pesquisador estrangeiro (Foreign researcher) Data (Date) _____/_____/_____ Assinatura (Signature) Pesquisador estrangeiro (Foreign researcher) Data (Date) _____/_____/_____ Assinatura (Signature) Please use as many forms as necessary according to the number of foreign researchers